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Guide to the Papers of Marvin Lowenthal (1890-1969), undated, 1871-1959

*P-140

Processed by Marvin Rusinek

American Jewish Historical Society

Center for Jewish History

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New York, N.Y. 10011

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Email: reference@ajhs.org

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© 2013, American Jewish Historical Society, Boston, MA and New York, NY. All Rights Reserved.
Machine-readable finding aid created by Marvin Rusinek as MS Word document, August-September 2009. Finding aid was encoded by Marvin Rusinek on September 11, 2009. Finding aid written in English.

Descriptive Summary

Creator: Lowenthal, Marvin
Title: Marvin Lowenthal, papers
Dates: undated, 1871-1959
Abstract: The collection contains correspondence, journals, diaries, documents, photographs, memorabilia and printed materials relating to the life, writings, Zionist activities and relief work on behalf of German Jewry of Marvin Lowenthal. Includes material on his youth, school work and college years as well as autobiographical writings and family correspondence containing information on Horace Kallen and early 20th century Zionist activities. The more important of his later correspondence was conducted with Jacob Billikopf, Jerome Frank, Horace M. Kallen, Elmer Rice, Eugene C. Taylor and Stephen S. Wise.
Languages: The collection is in English, French, German, and Yiddish.
Quantity: 8 linear feet (16 manuscript boxes)
Identification: P-140
Repository: American Jewish Historical Society
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Biographical Note

Marvin Marx Lowenthal (1890-1969)

Marvin Marx Lowenthal was born on October 6, 1890, in Bradford, Pennsylvania. He was an author, lecturer, traveler, and historian. He was the son of Louis S. Lowenthal, a jeweler, and Pauline Marx. Lowenthal worked in a local silk mill at the age of 15. After six years of working there, he quit his job to enroll at the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1912 to pursue humanistic studies. While there, he became an ardent Zionist under the influence of Horace Kallen. Although he and his parents belonged to Bradford's Jewish Reform Temple, he was not religious.

During his college years, Lowenthal joined the Menorah Society, an intercollegiate Jewish cultural organization, after winning the Society's essay content. He felt for the prize amount of $100 that he should attend a meeting. During one of the meetings, Lowenthal met his future mentor, Horace Kallen, a philosophy professor and co-founder of the Society in November 1912.

After meeting Kallen, his attitude toward Jewish history and culture changed completely. In 1914, Lowenthal began to study Zionism under Kallen and won another Menorah Society essay contest with an article on Zionism. From 1915 on, he became a frequent contributor to the Menorah Journal and became attached to writing about Judaism. At the time, the Menorah Journal served as an important cultural journal for American-Jewish intellectuals prior to the Commentary's founding in 1945. Upon his graduation from the University of Wisconsin in 1915, Lowenthal enrolled at Harvard University to pursue a master's degree in philosophy which he obtained one year later.

At Harvard University, Lowenthal became a part of a tight-knit group of Zionists that included Louis Brandeis. In 1916, Brandeis asked Lowenthal to head the Zionist Bureau of the Pacific Coast in San Francisco. Lowenthal began working as its fundraiser until the Zionist Organization of America (ZOA) moved to its New York office in 1919. In 1920, Lowenthal decided to abandon the ZOA to pursue a career as a full-time writer. He worked as an editor at the Menorah Journal to support himself and his wife, Sylvia Mardfin, and was a longtime contributor to the Journal. Lowenthal produced articles pertaining to Jewish cultural affairs. In February of 1922, the couple moved to Europe and lived in Florence, London and Berlin for a year. This trip was influential in turning him from a journalist into a writer and found his subject: the fate of the Jews of Europe.

Lowenthal provided deep insight into the rise of European fascism and its threat to Jewish life in his writings in the early 1920s. He saw Adolf Hitler and his rise to power as "the most virulent and deadly enemy of the Jews." The atmosphere was so thick with hatred against the Jews that he and his wife left Europe in February 1923. He returned a year later because he felt restless in America and far away from the subject that he cared about. Lowenthal spent a lot of time writing about the oppression of Jews in Europe.

During his travels in the next decade to Palestine, Africa, and all around Europe on journalistic assignments, Lowenthal established the foundations for his major works. He wrote extensively on literature, politics, and Zionism, showing affection early for these secular aspects of Jewish culture.

In the 1930s, Lowenthal became committed to his work. In 1932, Lowenthal published his translation of the Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln, a seven-part book by a 17th-century woman who became widowed with 14 children. His book, A World Passed By, soon followed in 1933, which was an intellectual guidebook of Jewish Europe and North Africa. In 1934, Lowenthal retreated to America in order to escape the oppression of Jews in Europe. In 1935, he published his favorite book, The Autobiography of Michel de Montaigne, edited and translated from the works of the great French philosopher.

In 1936, Lowenthal published his most important and popular book, The Jews of Germany: A Story of Sixteen Centuries. In writing this book, he hoped to demonstrate that discrimination against Jews in Germany was not something that became commonplace once Hitler took control. Lowenthal wanted to reach out to his readers and explain that if something was not done about the treatment of Jews in Europe that Jews would be doomed. Lowenthal followed the events in Germany closely and was disturbed by the passing of the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935, which stripped Jews of their citizenship in Germany and forbade Jews to marry non-Jewish citizens. Lowenthal was appalled by the treatment of Jews in Germany; Jews were forced to sit in the back of public buses, drink from different water fountains, and not allowed to use public restrooms. The book was painstaking for Lowenthal to write because of his love for Zionism and his determination to free Jews from discrimination in Europe. The Jews of Germany left Lowenthal exhausted. His book consisted of literary fragments, essay sketches, and writing plans, but no finished product materialized. It is in this book that his craftsmanship and urbanity of style appear at their best.

In 1941, Lowenthal returned to the subject of Zionism in a world that became darkened for the Jews. He published The Life and Letters of Henrietta Szold, the founder of the women's Zionist organization called Hadassah. During World War II, Lowenthal worked with Frank Monaghan on This Was New York: The Nation's Capital in 1789, which they hoped would instill pride in their country.

From 1946 to 1949, Lowenthal served on the Zionist Advisory Committee, and from 1952 to 1954, he edited the American Zionist. In 1956, he published his last book, a one-volume edition of translations from the work of the 19th-century founder of the Zionist movement, Theodore Herzl, entitled The Diaries of Theodore Herzl.

Marvin Lowenthal spent the remaining years of his life working as an active Zionist and fighting against anti-Semitism in America. Since 1930, Lowenthal lectured annually in America, speaking on European politics and on aspects of Judaism. Lowenthal died in New York City on March 15, 1969.

Sources:

Susanne Klingenstein. "Lowenthal, Marvin Marx"; http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-02394.html; American National Biography Online February 2000. Accessed September 9, 2009.

Nikke Jones. Marvin Lowenthal; http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Lowenthal__Marvin.html. Accessed September 9, 2009.

Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., vol. 13, page 235.

The Concise Dictionary of American Jewish Biography edited by Jacob Rader Marcus AJHS Call # Ref E184.J5 C653 1994, page 404.

Biographical vita. Marvin Lowenthal Papers, P-140, Box 1, Folder 10, American Jewish Historical Society

Biographical note. Marvin Lowenthal Papers, P-140, Box 16, Folder 3, American Jewish Historical Society

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Scope and Content Note

The collection contains correspondence, journals, diaries, documents, photographs, memorabilia and printed materials relating to the life, writings, Zionist activities and relief work on behalf of German Jewry of Marvin Lowenthal.

The collection includes material on his youth, school work and college years as well as autobiographical writings and family correspondence containing information on Horace Kallen and early 20th century Zionist activities. The more important of his later correspondence was conducted with Jacob Billikopf, Jerome Frank, Horace M. Kallen, Elmer Rice, Eugene C. Taylor and Stephen S. Wise. Contains also notes of a Committee on a Jewish Congress meeting (1916); correspondence, writings and printed material concerning his Zionist work (1916-1920, 1945-1948), including his diary on Zionist activities on the West Coast (1916) and his journal of a 1925 journey to Israel; correspondence with The Menorah Journal; manuscript and printed material on the condition of German Jewry (1933-1935); materials relating to the Conference on Jewish Relations (1933-1934); correspondence and other papers regarding the Commission on New Approaches to American Jewish Education (1940-1943) of the Jewish Education Committee, New York; correspondence regarding lectures of special interest is the background provided by the United Jewish Appeal); unpublished writings; typescripts of various articles; notes, drafts, illustrations, publicity, reviews and correspondence relating to his Glückel of Hameln, A World Passed By, The Autobiography of Michael de Montaigne, A History of the Jews in Germany, Henrietta Szold: Life and Letters, This Was New York (correspondence only) and The Diaries of Theodore Herzl (reviews only).

The papers are valuable to researchers studying the following aspects of Jewish history: German Jewry, Holocaust, Judaism, U.S. relations with Palestine, and Zionism.

The collection is in English, with some French, German, and Yiddish.

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Arrangement

The collection is organized into six series as follows:

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Restrictions

Access Restrictions

The collection is open to all researchers by permission of the Director of Library and Archives of the American Jewish Historical Society, except items that are restricted due to their fragility.

Use Restrictions

Information concerning the literary rights may be obtained from the Director of Library and Archives of the American Jewish Historical Society. Users must apply in writing for permission to quote, reproduce or otherwise publish manuscript materials found in this collection. For more information contact:
American Jewish Historical Society, Center for Jewish History, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY, 10011
email: reference@ajhs.org

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Preferred Citation

Published citations should take the following form:
Identification of item, date (if known); Marvin Lowenthal, papers; P-140; box number; folder number; American Jewish Historical Society, Boston, MA and New York, NY.

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Acquisition Note

Gift of Robert C. Samuels, 1974.

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Access Points

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Container List

The following section contains a detailed listing of the materials in the collection.

 

Series I: Personal Materials, undated, 1871-1886, 1890, 1899, 1903-1917, 1924-1941.
English and French.
Box 1 - Box 2, Folder 2.
Scope and Content:

This series contains Lowenthal's personal materials. These include his journals and diaries as well as his personal papers. Autobiographical and biographical material are contained within this series. Memorabilia such as coins, photographs, and pins can also be found within this series.
Box Folder Title Date
1 1 Journal and Diaries 1924-1941
1 2 Personal Papers undated, 1903-1917
    (contains French)   
1 3 Coins kept by mother 1882, 1890
1 4 Press clippings about Marvin Lowenthal undated, 1915, 1917, 1930-1933
1 5 Photographs and Pins undated, 1913
1 6 Documents and Printed Materials in re University Days undated, 1912-1915
1 7 Early autobiographical writings undated, 1916
1 8 Autograph books (including autograph book of Pauline Marx) 1871-1886
1 9 List of publications by Marvin Lowenthal up to 1935
1 10 Biographical vita undated, 1932, 1935
Box Folder Title Date
2 1 School and college notebooks undated, 1899
2 2 University of Wisconsin Extension course: “The Poetry of Browning” Syllabus and Essays 1914
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Series II: Correspondence, undated, 1899-1905, 1908-1909, 1912-1946.
English and French.
Box 2, Folder 3 - Box 5.
Scope and Content:

This series is composed of Lowenthal's correspondence with his parents, letters with his future wife, as well as personal letters. The series includes Lowenthal's correspondence with important individuals such as Jacob Billikopf, Edgar Cohn, Jerome Frank, Elisha Friedman, Horace Kallen, Leo J. Rabinowitz, Elmer Rice, Max L. Rosenberg, Eugene C. Taylor, and Stephen Wise.
Box Folder Title Date
2 3 Letters to parents undated, 1899-1902, 1904-1905, 1908-1909
2 4 Letters to parents in re University of Wisconsin Days 1912-1915
2 5 Letters to parents in re Harvard Days 1915-1916
2 6 Letters to parents in re Zionist work days 1916-1918
Box Folder Title Date
3 1 Letters home 1922
3 2 Letters to relatives 1903, 1912-1918, 1929-1931, 1943
3 3 Letters with future wife 1914
3 4 Letters with future wife 1915
3 5 Letters with future wife 1915
3 6 Letters with future wife 1915
Box Folder Title Date
4 1 Letters with future wife 1916
4 2 Letters with future wife 1916
4 3 Letters with future wife 1917
4 4 Letters with future wife 1918
4 5 Letters with wife 1919-1929
4 6 Letters with wife 1930-1946
4 7 Miscellaneous correspondence with wife undated, 1913, 1931, 1938
4 8 Poetry dedicated to future wife 1914-1918
4 9 Letters of Sylvia Lowenthal 1934-1939
    (contains French)   
Box Folder Title Date
5 1 Personal Letters A-Z undated, 1912-1945
    (contains French)   
5 2 Correspondence with Jacob Billikopf undated, 1936, 1945
5 3 Correspondence with Edgar Cohn undated, 1926, 1928, 1931, 1935-1936, 1943, 1946
5 4 Correspondence with Jerome Frank undated, 1942-1943
5 5 Correspondence with Elisha Friedman 1931, 1936
5 6 Correspondence with Horace Kallen undated, 1918, 1943
5 7 Correspondence with Leo J. Rabinowitz 1920-1921, 1930-1931, 1943, 1945
5 8 Correspondence with Elmer Rice 1921, 1927-1930, 1935-1936, 1943-1945
5 9 Correspondence with Max L. Rosenberg 1927-1931, 1933
5 10 Correspondence with Eugene C. Taylor undated, 1916-1923
5 11 Correspondence with Eugene C. Taylor undated, 1922-1928
5 12 Correspondence with Stephen Wise 1927-1930
5 13 Correspondence with unidentified people 1921, 1925-1928, 1930-1931, 1935, 1940, 1942-1943, 1946
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Series III: Business and Organizational Affairs, undated, 1906, 1913, 1916, 1919-1921, 1926-1936, 1939-1940, 1942-1943, 1945-1951.
English and German.
Box 6.
Scope and Content:

This series documents some of the organizations that Lowenthal was involved with including the American Gas Machine Company, American Friends of the Hebrew University, Jewish Publication Society, and Jewish Theological Seminary Museum. Business affairs that Lowenthal was occupied with are the Conference on Jewish Relations and World Conference for International Peace through Religion. Box 6, Folder 1 contains his correspondence with the Menorah Journal. The series also contains materials related to the German Jewry situation, Palestine, and Zionist work and activities.
Box Folder Title Date
6 1 Correspondence with Menorah Journal 1921, 1926, 1928-1932, 1934-1936, 1943
6 2 American Gas Machine Company 1913
6 3 Handwritten notes of Committee on Jewish Congress undated
6 4 Correspondence, writings and printed materials regarding Zionist work undated, 1916, 1919-1920
6 5 Diary of West Coast Zionist activities 1916
6 6 Palestine Life and Letters—Prospectus undated
6 7 Correspondence with publishers 1906, 1920-1921, 1926-1927, 1930-1936, 1939-1940, 1943, 1945-1946, 1948
    (contains German)   
6 8 Jewish Theological Seminary Museum 1931
6 9 American Friends of the Hebrew University 1931
6 10 Correspondence regarding Palestine 1945-1946, 1948
6 11 World Conference for International Peace through Religion 1931
6 12 Slingerland Oil Company 1932-1933, 1935
6 13 German Jewry Situation Correspondence undated, 1933-1934, 1936
6 14 Writings on current German situation undated
6 15 German Jewry situation: printed materials 1933-1935
    (contains German)   
6 16 German Jewry Committee organizational meeting minutes November 19, 1933
6 17 Conference on Jewish Relations: Correspondence 1933-1935
6 18 Conference on Jewish Relations: Correspondence undated
6 19 Conference on Jewish Relations: Printed Materials undated, 1934-1936
6 20 Conference on Jewish Relations: Miscellaneous handwritten notes undated, 1934
6 21 Miscellaneous newspaper clippings regarding Palestine and Zionism undated, 1946-1951
6 22 Jewish Publication Society 1935, 1945-1946
6 23 Commission on New Approaches to American Jewish education 1942-1943
6 24 Louis Lamed Foundation Prize undated, 1945-1946
6 25 United Jewish Appeal messages 1949
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Series IV: Lectures, undated, 1917, 1930-1943, 1945-1946.
English.
Box 7, Folders 1-10.
Scope and Content:

This series contains correspondence regarding lectures that Lowenthal gave during the years 1930-1946. The series has lecture notes and a prospectus for lectures and correspondence, invitation and acceptance list for a lecture series at the home of Adolph Lewisohn. Also included are printed publicity and invitations to lectures by Lowenthal.
Box Folder Title Date
7 1 Correspondence regarding lectures 1930
7 2 Correspondence regarding lectures 1931
7 3 Correspondence regarding lectures 1932-1934
7 4 Correspondence regarding lectures 1935-1941
7 5 Correspondence regarding lectures 1942-1943, 1946
7 6 Correspondence, invitation and acceptance list for lecture series at home of Adolph Lewisohn: March 1932 1932
7 7 Lecture notes undated, 1942-1943
7 8 Prospectus for lectures undated
7 9 Notice of praise for M.L. lectures undated, 1931-1933
7 10 Printed publicity and invitations to M.L. lectures undated, 1917, 1930-1934, 1941-1942, 1945-1946
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Series V: Unpublished Writings, undated, 1902-1904, 1906, 1908-1925, 1927, 1931, 1933, 1935-1936, 1944-1959.
English and French.
Box 7, Folder 11 - Box 10, Folder 5.
Scope and Content:

This series has Lowenthal's unpublished writings. Some of the titles of these include "The Gurth of a Nation," "New Haven and the First Oil Well," "Mohammed in Paris," "Ardelise: A Lady of Old France," "Habitations of Justice," and "Ninon's Choice." The series also has notes on Victor Hugo and notes on the Mine Workers' Union. Also included are notebooks of unpublished fiction and non-fiction writings (see Box 9, Folders 2-3), as well as Lowenthal's journals (see Box 9, Folder 4 - Box 10, Folder 3). Box 10, Folder 4 includes Lowenthal's winning Menorah Prize Essay, "Jews in the American Revolution," and Box 10, Folder 5 contains congratulatory messages.
Box Folder Title Date
7 11 Drawings and writings 1902-1904
7 12 “The Gurth of a Nation” 1919
Box Folder Title Date
8 1 “New Haven and the First Oil Well,” 1933; clippings 1958-1959
8 2 Outline for popular history book request for Guggenheim Fellowship 1935
8 3 “Mohammed in Paris” 1922, 1927, 1931, 1936, 1940s
    (contains French)   
8 4 “Ardelise: A Lady of Old France” undated
8 5 Notes on “Habitations of Justice” undated, 1945
8 6 Notes on “Habitations of Justice” undated
8 7 Notes on Victor Hugo undated
8 8 “Ninon's Choice” undated
8 9 Notes on Mine Workers' Union undated
8 10 Notes on Mine Workers' Union undated
8 11 Miscellaneous writings and fragments undated
Box Folder Title Date
9 1 Miscellaneous writings and fragments undated, 1906
9 2 Notebooks of unpublished fiction and non-fiction writings undated
9 3 Notebooks of unpublished fiction and non-fiction writings undated
9 4 Journal #1 1908-1925
9 5 Journals #2-6 1944-1952
Box Folder Title Date
10 1 Journals #7-12 1946-1949
10 2 Journals #13-16A, 20 1948-1952, 1956-1957
10 3 Journals #21-23, 25 undated, 1953-1958
10 4 “Jews in the American Revolution” 1912 Menorah Prize Essay 1912
10 5 Congratulatory messages on winning Menorah Prize Essay 1912, 1915
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Series VI: Published Writings, undated, 1913, 1915, 1921-1943, 1945, 1951, 1956-1957.
English, French, German, and Yiddish.
Box 10, Folder 6 - Box 16.
Scope and Content:

This series contains materials pertaining to Lowenthal's published writings, including correspondence, handwritten drafts, illustrations, notes, promotional material, publicity, and reviews. Among those that he was well-known for include: The Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln, A World Passed By, The Autobiography of Montaigne, A History of the Jews in Germany, The Diaries of Theodore Herzl, This Was New York, and Henrietta Szold: Life and Letters. Some of his lesser known published writings include: "Comparative Study of Spinoza and Neo-Realism…," "Jewish Contributions to Civilization," "Adversary's Notebook," and "Don't You Believe It."
Box Folder Title Date
10 6 “Comparative Study of Spinoza and Neo-Realism…” in Journal of Philosophy 1915
10 7 “Jewish Contributions to Civilization” 1922
10 8 “Adversary’s Notebook,” in Menorah Journal (1 of 2) 1921-1929
10 9 “Adversary’s Notebook,” in Menorah Journal (2 of 2) 1921-1929
10 10 “Don’t You Believe It,” No. I, II 1951, 1957
Box Folder Title Date
11 1 “Don’t You Believe It” (Errors Among the Jews) undated
11 2 Typescripts and drafts of miscellaneous articles (1 of 2) undated
11 3 Typescripts and drafts of miscellaneous articles (2 of 2) undated
11 4 Letters to the Editor undated, 1932, 1936
11 5 Printed “Skyrockets” column in Madison Daily Cardinal 1913
11 6 Printed reviews and articles: newspaper clippings undated, 1932, 1935
11 7 Printed reviews and articles: offprints 1915, 1923, 1933
11 8 The Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln: Correspondence 1931
11 9 The Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln: Handwritten draft undated
11 10 The Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln: Illustrations undated
11 11 The Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln: Notes undated
11 12 The Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln: Publicity undated
11 13 The Memoirs of Glückel of Hameln: Reviews undated, 1932
Box Folder Title Date
12 1 A World Passed By 1945
12 2 A World Passed By: Requests for Information 1930
    (contains French and German)   
12 3 A World Passed By: Notecards (Spain) undated
12 4 A World Passed By: Notecards (Things not to see, Bohemia, Africa, Bibliography) undated
12 5 A World Passed By: Notecards (Belgium, Holland, England, Germany, Poland, Spain, Balkans-Greece, Turkey, General) undated
12 6 A World Passed By: Notecards (Italy and France) undated
12 7 A World Passed By: Notecards (France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Poland) undated
Box Folder Title Date
13 1 A World Passed By: Notecards (Rhinelands, Cluny, South Germany) undated
13 2 A World Passed By: Handwritten notes undated
    (contains German)   
13 3 A World Passed By: Handwritten draft undated
13 4 A World Passed By: Illustrations undated
13 5 A World Passed By: Promotional material undated
13 6 A World Passed By: Reviews 1932-1935
13 7 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Outline of the book 1934
13 8 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Notes undated
13 9 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Notes undated
Box Folder Title Date
14 1 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Handwritten draft 1934
14 2 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Proof copy and bibliographic references undated
14 3 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Correspondence 1933-1934
14 4 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Correspondence 1935-1936
    (contains French)   
14 5 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Correspondence undated
    (contains French)   
14 6 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Publicity undated, 1935
14 7 The Autobiography of Montaigne: Reviews undated, 1935
Box Folder Title Date
15 1 A History of the Jews in Germany: Notes (1 of 2) undated
15 2 A History of the Jews in Germany: Notes (2 of 2) undated
    (contains German)   
15 3 A History of the Jews in Germany: Handwritten drafts undated, 1934
15 4 A History of the Jews in Germany: Annotated typescript (1 of 2) undated
15 5 A History of the Jews in Germany: Annotated typescript (2 of 2) undated
15 6 A History of the Jews in Germany: Extended bibliography undated
Box Folder Title Date
16 1 A History of the Jews in Germany: Correspondence 1933-May 1936
16 2 A History of the Jews in Germany: Correspondence June 1936 - 1937
    (contains German)   
16 3 A History of the Jews in Germany: Publicity and reviews undated, 1936
    (contains Yiddish)   
16 4 The Diaries of Theodore Herzl: Reviews undated, 1956
16 5 This Was New York: Correspondence 1940-1943
16 6 Henrietta Szold: Life and Letters: Miscellaneous materials undated, 1936, 1938-1942
16 7 Henrietta Szold: Life and Letters: Correspondence 1936-1939
16 8 Henrietta Szold: Life and Letters: Correspondence 1941-1942
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