Guide to the Papers of Jacob Xenab Cohen (1889-1955), undated, 1913-1978
*P-661
Processed by Robert B. Stephenson, Holly Snyder (November 1994) and Marvin Rusinek (October 2006)
American Jewish Historical Society
Center for Jewish History
15 West 16th Street
New York, N.Y. 10011
Phone: (212) 294-6160
Fax: (212) 294-6161
Email: reference@ajhs.org
URL: http://www.ajhs.org
© 2013, American Jewish Historical Society, Boston, MA and New York, NY. All Rights Reserved.
Finding aid was encoded by Marvin Rusinek on September 23, 2009. Description is in English.
Descriptive Summary |
|
| Creator: | Jacob Xenab Cohen (1889-1955) |
|---|---|
| Title: | Jacob Xenab Cohen, papers |
| Dates: | undated, 1913-1978 |
| Abstract: | Consists of correspondence, articles, speeches, travel notes, ephemera and other documents pertaining to the careers of a civil-engineer who retired from that profession in 1924 to become a practicing rabbi. Includes materials from Cohen's campaigns against employment discrimination and Nazi persecution of Jews in Europe from 1932 to 1945. |
| Languages: | The collection is in English, Hebrew, Portuguese, and Spanish. |
| Quantity: | 1.5 linear feet (3 manuscript boxes) |
| Identification: | P-661 |
| Repository: | American Jewish Historical Society |
Biographical Note
Jacob Xenab Cohen (1889-1955)
Jacob Cohen was born in New York City to Lithuanian Jewish parents on August 15, 1889. As the eldest son of immigrant parents, young Jacob carried his parents' expectations for his success as well as the responsibility of caring for numerous younger siblings after school. A quiet and dynamic young man, Jacob Cohen graduated from the Hebrew Technical Institute at the age of 17, and was immediately hired as a draftsman by a Brooklyn manufacturing company. In late 1906, the engineering firm of Herring and Fuller hired him, where by 1915 he had established his reputation as a sanitary engineer. Attending night school at Cooper Union, he achieved his B.S.C.E. in 1911, and was hired to teach night classes there in 1913. It was during this period that he adopted the middle name "Xenab" to distinguish himself from the other Jacob Cohens then living in New York.
In 1915, the newly-married "J. X." Cohen was hired by the City of Syracuse, New York, to design a Sewage Disposal Works. This work, carried out under the auspices of the Syracuse Intercepting Sewer Board was completed in 1925. Long dedicated to Jewish liberalism and impressed by the example of Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Cohen had been a founder of the Bronx Free Synagogue in 1914 and served as its first President. Thus, it was no surprise that, at the urging of friends, Cohen entered the Jewish Institute of Religion in 1925 to study for the rabbinate under Stephen Wise. By 1929, he had achieved both the rabbinical and M.H.L. degrees, and was immediately hired as Associate Rabbi of the Free Synagogue--a post he held for more than eleven years.
Cohen was also active with Stephen Wise in the American Jewish Congress, serving both on its Governing Council and as Chair of its National Committee on Economic Problems. From the latter post, he directed studies of employment discrimination of which the best known are Jews, Jobs and Discrimination (1937), Helping to End Economic Discrimination (1937), and Toward Fair Play for Jewish Workers (1938). Altogether, Cohen authored some 60 reports on employment discrimination against Jews and African Americans between 1930 and 1944. He was an outspoken advocate for FDR's Fair Employment Practices Commission. In 1940, he traveled to South America on behalf of the American Jewish Congress to survey the economic and political condition of Jewish communities throughout Latin America. The trip culminated in a book, Jewish Life in South America (1941), for which Stephen Wise penned a foreword.
J. X. demonstrated strong feelings for the welfare of the unfortunate throughout his career. In Syracuse, he was a member of the Board of Directors (later President) of the Jewish Communal Home and Secretary of the local Federation of Jewish Charities. He was subsequently appointed Executive Director of the Jewish Home for Aged. While at the Jewish Institute of Religion, he used these experiences in his masters thesis, titled "Ancient and Modern Care of the Aged--A Study of Paupers, Poorhouses and Pensions." As a rabbi, he continued his work for the less fortunate by chairing the Committee on the Jewish Chaplaincy of the New York Board of Rabbis and extending its work to hospitals, prison facilities and other institutions of social welfare.
Jacob X. Cohen's busy and dynamic career came to an abrupt end in 1950, when he was struck by a degenerative neurological illness which greatly depleted his physical capabilities. The last five years of his life were spent in his home, as a bedridden invalid, although he retained his mental faculties to the end. Death finally and mercifully claimed him on April 24, 1955.
Sources:
Cohen, Sadie Alta F. Engineer of the Soul: A Biography of Rabbi J. X. Cohen (1889-1955) (New York: Bloch Publishing Company, 1961).
S. v., "Cohen, Jacob Xenab," Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 3 (New York, 1941), p. 247.
Chronology |
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| 1889 | Born in Brooklyn, New York to Barnet Cohen and his wife Ida Weber Cohen, both originally from Meretz (Merkine), Lithuania |
| 1903-1906 | Attended Hebrew Technical Institute; established lasting friendship with Principal Dr. Edgar Starr Barney |
| May 1906 | Hired by Tuttle & Bailey Manufacturing Company (first job) |
| 1906-1915 | Employed by Herring and Fuller, an engineering firm |
| 1907-1910 | Attended Sundays meetings at the Hudson Theatre to hear Rabbi Stephen S. Wise |
| 1908-1911 | Attended Cooper Union at night |
| 1911 | Graduated from Cooper Union with a B.S.C.E. degree; valedictorian of his class |
| 1911 | Met Sadie Alta Friedberg, a distant cousin |
| 1912 | Younger brother Henry dies of diphtheria |
| 1913-1914 | Taught mechanical drawing at Cooper Union; completed ms. textbook on this subject |
| 1914 | Married Sadie Alta Friedberg |
| 1915 | Founded the Free Synagogue of the Bronx with Joseph M. Levine |
| 1915 | Hired by City of Syracuse, New York to design sewage disposal works |
| April 1916 | Daughter Pauline born |
| 1918 | Enlisted in the Army Engineering Corps; assigned to Camp Knox, Kentucky |
| 1919 | Returned to Syracuse |
| 1920 | Appointed Executive Director of the Jewish Home for Aged of Central New York in Syracuse |
| 1925 | Sewer work in Syracuse completed; entered Jewish Institute of Religion |
| 1926 | Purchased land to construct his summer home at Mohegan Lake, near Peekskill |
| 1929 | Graduated Jewish Institute of Religion |
| 1929 | Hired as Associate Rabbi by the Free Synagogue and as Bursar of the Jewish Institute of Religion |
| 1929-1944 | Executive Secretary of the Free Synagogue |
| 1930 | Appointed Chair of the Committee on Economic Problems of the American Jewish Congress |
| 1932 | Appointed Chair of the Peekskill Board of Water Commissioners |
| 1936 | Traveled to England, France, Germany and Russia with the Sherwood Eddy Seminar |
| 1937 | Traveled to Mexico with a group led by Dr. Hubert Herring |
| 1939-1940 | President of the New York Board of Rabbis |
| 1940 | Traveled to South America with the Committee on Cultural Relations with Latin America as an official representative of the World Jewish Congress |
| 1940 | Became Chair of the Chaplaincy Committee of the New York Board of Rabbis |
| 1948 | Chaplaincy Committee and Psychiatric Department of Mount Sinai Hospital inaugurate a Chaplaincy Institute for "scientific" training of Jewish chaplains |
| 1950 | Took Leave of Absence from the Free Synagogue and the American Jewish Congress; later relinquishes all official duties |
| April 1955 | Died of a degenerative neurological disorder |
Scope and Content Note
The Papers of Jacob Xenab Cohen reflect his varied activities as an engineer and rabbi. Although the collection represents only a small portion of Rabbi Cohen's extant papers, there is a great deal of important material contained within it for the study of American Jewish activism and Jewish life in South America.
The collection is valuable to researchers interested in the history of the American Jewish Congress and its activities, in employment discrimination against American Jews, in anti-Semitism, in Jewish anti-Nazi activism, in liberal Jewish theology and in the Jewish communities of Brazil, Peru and Mexico, as well as the rest of Latin America.
The collection contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, articles, clippings, notes, speeches and ephemera. The vast majority of the items are in English, with some notations in Hebrew, Spanish and Portuguese. Also included within the collection are condolences received by Sadie Cohen upon the death of her husband, and documentation on various institutions and programs endowed by her in his memory.
In compiling this Inventory, Rob Stephenson described the collection at the item level. Rob identified some seventeen separate folders (listed as "Items" in the Inventory) that ranged from loose-leaf binders, to folders, to small portfolios of handwritten notes taken by Rabbi Cohen on his travels. The researcher should note that items A and B, as referenced on the attached inventory, were loose-leaf binders which the Society's professional staff decided to disassemble in order to better preserve the items contained within them. Thus, while Rob's Inventory preserves the original order in which he found the collection, the researcher will find that the individual correspondence and materials listed under "Item A" and "Item B" have been transferred to file folders, and have been reorganized in a more sensible fashion. Each folder has been marked with an A or a B (or both, in some cases), to help the researcher correlate the item on the Inventory with the folders found in Box 1 of the collection.
Return to the Top of PageArrangement
The collection is organized into five series as follows:
- Series I: Biographical/Personal, undated, 1920, 1922-1978
- Series II: Engineering, undated, 1914, 1916-1917, 1919, 1921-1926, 1933
- Series III: Jewish Institute of Religion/Rabbinate, 1923-1978
- Series IV: American Jewish Congress, undated, 1931-1946
- Series V: Publications and Speeches, undated, 1925-1946
Restrictions
Access Restrictions
The collection is open to all researchers by permission of the Director of Library and Archives of the American Jewish Historical Society, except items that are restricted due to their fragility.
Use Restrictions
Information concerning the literary rights may be obtained from the Director of Library and Archives of the American Jewish Historical Society. Users must apply in writing for permission to quote, reproduce or otherwise publish manuscript materials found in this collection. For more information contact:
American Jewish Historical Society, Center for Jewish History, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY, 10011
email:
reference@ajhs.org
Related Material
American Jewish Historical Society:
Papers of Rabbi Stephen S. Wise
Papers of the American Jewish Congress
Edward Klein Memorial Library, Stephen Wise Free Synagogue:
Papers of Rabbi Jacob X. Cohen
Papers of Stephen S. Wise
American Jewish Archives:
Papers of Rabbi Jacob X. Cohen
Preferred Citation
Published citations should take the following form:
Identification of item, date (if known);
Jacob Xenab Cohen, papers;
P-661; box number; folder number; American Jewish Historical Society, Boston, MA and New York, NY.
Acquisition Information
Donated by Sadie Alta Friedberg Cohen, widow of J. X. Cohen, in 1978.
Return to the Top of PageAccess Points
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Subject Names:
- Cohen, Sadie Alta Friedberg
- Eddy, Sherwood, 1871-1963
- Wise, Stephen S., 1874-1949
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Subject Organizations:
- American Jewish Congress
- Jewish Institute of Religion (New York, N.Y.).
- New York Board of Rabbis, Inc.
- Stephen Wise Free Synagogue (New York, N.Y.).
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Subject Topics:
- Proscription.
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Subject Places:
- Argentina -- Social conditions.
- Brazil -- Social conditions.
- Peru -- Social conditions.
- Syracuse (N.Y.)
- United States -- Fair Employment Practice Committee.
Container List
The following section contains a detailed listing of the materials in the collection.
Abbreviations used:
JXC = Rabbi Jacob X. Cohen
SSW = Dr. Stephen S. Wise
R = Recto (front page of a sheet)
V = Verso (back page of a sheet)
Series I: Biographical/Personal, undated, 1920, 1922-1978. |
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| Box 1, Folders 1-8. | |||
| Box | Folder | Title | Date |
| 1 | 1 | Item A: Sherwood Eddy and American/European Travel Seminars (see 10R, 16R, 16V, 17R, 26R) | 1936-1938 |
| 1 | 2 | Items A & B: Clippings (see Item A: 7R, 7V, 12R, 12V, 14V, 15V, 17V, 18R, 18V, 20R, 20V, 23V, 25R, 27V, 28R, 28V, 30R; Item B: 2R) | 1930-1944 |
| 1 | 3 | Item A & B: Memorials (see Item A: 40V and under clip at end: note signed by Jacob R. Marcus, letters signed by Stanley F. Chyet and Mrs. Andrée D. Hest, and Meeting of Governing Council of American Jewish Congress; Item B: 9V) | 1965-1978 |
| 1 | 4 | Items A & B: Temple Emanu-El of Lynbrook, NY, Memorial Lectures (see Item A: 39V, 41R, under clip at end: J.X. Cohen Memorial Lecture, Vorspan named guest lecturer; Item B: 5V, 7R, loose material No. 9, No. 10, and No. 12) | 1965-1977 |
| 1 | 5 | Items A & B: General Correspondence (See Item A: 16R, 16V, 33R, 36R, 38R, 42R, under clip at end: typed notes signed by Will Durant and Stefan Zweig; Item B: Loose material No. 1 and No. 2) | 1928-1947 |
| 1 | 6 | Items A & B: Biographical Writings, etc. (see Item A: 1R, 2R, 40R; Item B: 1R, 2V, 3V, 5R, 6R, 7V, 9R, under clip on inside front cover: No.'s 1-3) | 1922-1978 |
| 1 | 7 | Accretion: Engineer of the Soul: A Biography of the Late Rabbi J.X. Cohen, by Sadie Alta Cohen | 1961 |
| 1 | 8 | Accretion: Photographs | undated, 1920 |
Series II: Engineering, undated, 1914, 1916-1917, 1919, 1921-1926, 1933. |
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| Box 1, Folders 9-15. | |||
| Box | Folder | Title | Date |
| 1 | 9 | Item G: "Engineer - Syracuse" | undated, 1914, 1916-1917, 1919, 1921, 1923-1926, 1933 |
| 1 | 10 | Item H: "The Public Water Supply of Syracuse" | 1924 |
| 1 | 11 | Item I: "Man, Power, and Super-Power" | 1924 |
| 1 | 12 | Item J: "Pertaining to Engineering (not J.X.'s own)" | undated, 1922, 1924-1925 |
| 1 | 13 | Item P: "Syracuse Sewage Treatment Works…" | undated |
| 1 | 14 | Item Q: "Protection from Onondaga Creek Floods" | 1925 |
| 1 | 15 | Accretion: Report to Glenn D. Holmes Chief Engineer, Syracuse Intercepting Sewer Board, by J.X. Cohen | January 1923 |
Series III: Jewish Institute of Religion/Rabbinate, 1923-1978. |
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| Box 1, Folders 16-18. | |||
| Box | Folder | Title | Date |
| 1 | 16 | Items A & B: Stephen S. Wise and the Jewish Institute of Religion (see Item A: 2V, 3R, 3V, 4R, and 34V) | 1923-1942 |
| 1 | 17 | Items A & B: New York Board of Rabbis (see Item A: 14R, 37R, 37V, 38V, 39R; Item B: 4R, 4V, 8R, 8V) | 1939-1978 |
| 1 | 18 | Accretion: Free Synagogue Weekly Bulletin | December 11, 1934 |
Series IV: American Jewish Congress, undated, 1931-1946. |
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| Box 1, Folder 19 -- Box 3, Folder 3. | |||
| Box | Folder | Title | Date |
| 1 | 19 | Item K: "Report to the War Emergency Session of the American Jewish Congress" | 1942 |
| 1 | 20 | Item L: "Safeguarding American Democracy on the Home Front" | May 17, 1942 |
| 1 | 21 | Item M: "The Economic Destruction of German Jewry by the Nazi Regime 1933-1937" | 1942 |
| Box | Folder | Title | Date |
| 2 | 1 | Item O: "Group of Seven Portfolios" | undated, 1936-1937, 1940 |
| 2 | 2 | Items A & B: American Jewish Congress and Anti-Nazi and Employment Discrimination Activities (see Item A: 4V, 6R, 9R, 15R, 19V, 24R, 31R, 31V, 34R, 35R; Item B: 1R, 3R) | 1931-1942 |
| 2 | 3 | Item D: "South America" | 1936-1937, 1940-1942 |
| 2 | 4 | Item E: "Visiting cards - Peru: Lima, Mollendo" | undated |
| 2 | 5 | Item N: "J.X. Cohen Articles in American Jewish Congress Weekly" (see No.'s 10-24, 31-34, and 39) | 1940-1941 |
| 2 | 6 | Item F: "Visiting cards - Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, São Paolo" | undated |
| Box | Folder | Title | Date |
| 3 | 1 | Item N: American Jewish Congress Weekly (see No.'s 1, 2, 4-9, 25-30, 35-38, 40-45, 47, 49, 50) | 1943-1946 |
| 3 | 2 | Accretion: Jewish Life in South America: A Survey Study for the American Jewish Congress, by J.X. Cohen | 1941 |
| 3 | 3 | Accretion: Christians Only: A Study in Prejudice, by Heywood Broun and George Britt | 1931 |
Series V: Publications and Speeches, undated, 1925-1946. |
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| Box 3, Folders 4-6. | |||
| Box | Folder | Title | Date |
| 3 | 4 | Item A: Speeches and Speaking Engagements (see 7V, 9V, 10R, 10V, 11V, 12R, 13R, 13V, 18R, 19V, 20R, 21R, 23R, 23V, 24V, 25V, 26R, 26V, 27R, 27V, 28V, 30R, 30V, 32R, 33R, 33V, 42R) | 1931-1945 |
| 3 | 5 | Items A & B: Publications (see Item A: 1V, 5V, 11R, 21R, 21V, 22R, 22V, 29V, 32R, 32V, 35V, 41V, and clipped article "F.E.P.C. - Symbol of Liberation"; Item B: 1V, Loose Material No. 11) | 1925-1944 |
| 3 | 6 | Item C: "Speeches" | undated, 1925, 1931-1933, 1940-1942, 1944, 1946 |
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Item B: Second loose-leaf binder. No title. Continuation of above. (Note: Items listed are enclosed in acetate loose-leaf pages), undated, 1922, 1944, 1968-1971, 1976-1978. |
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Scope and Content:Under clip on inside front cover: |
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| Box | Folder | Title | Date |
| 1R | Black & white photographic print of sculpted bust of JXC with dates 1889-1955 added in magic marker. | ||
| 1V | Carbon typescript biographical summary of JXC. 1 p. | ||
| 1V | Printed sheet (2 pp.) from Calendar & Commentary of the Stephen Wise Free Synagogue, Vol. 18, No. 31, March 31, 1970. An excerpt from JXC's article "Is This a White Man's War?" which appeared in the December 17, 1943 issue of the Congress Weekly. | ||
| 2R | Newspaper clipping from the New York Post issue of January 12, 1944, with full-page illustrated article by Mary Braggiotti on JXC entitled "An Engineer of the Soul." | ||
| 2V | Typescript with Sadie Alta Cohen typed at the bottom. 1 p. Related to the Camp Knox News, an Army newspaper that JXC was involved with. Mrs. Cohen, in 1958, assembled the original early issues and they were placed in the Patton Museum [at Fort Knox?]. | ||
| 3R | Carbon typescript entitled "The American Jewish Congress" by JXC. 3 pp. with handwritten corrections. | ||
| 3V | An article removed from the Congress Bi-Weekly of May 21, 1971, entitled "A Disciple of the Wise: Jacob X. Cohen" by Albert Vorspan. 4 pp. | ||
| 4R | Typed letter signed from Rose Baldwin to Mrs. JXC, dated February 29, 1968, on letterhead of the New York Board of Rabbis. Concerning a TV program on JXC, March 24, 1968, 9:00-9:30 A.M. 1 p. | 1968 | |
| 4V | Mimeographed press release issued by the New York Board of Rabbis. 1 p. Announcing the first J.X. Cohen Chaplain of the Year awards. | September 2, 1969 | |
| 5R | Photocopied typed paper entitled "Disciples of the Wise: A Tribute to Stephen S. Wise, Sidney E. Goldstein, and J.X. Cohen." 5 pp. No author noted. Some text unreadable. | April 1970 | |
| 5V | Typed letter signed from Dr. William Berkowitz to Mrs. JXC, on letterhead of Congregation B'nai Jeshurun, New York, NY. 1 p. Thanking her for her note commenting on his tribute to Dr. Samuel Belkin. | May 18, 1976 | |
| 6R | Mimeograph from "Booknotes" of the Bulletin of the East Midwood Jewish Center on Mrs. Cohen's Engineer of the Soul. 2 pp. Initials "M.B.P." appear at foot of page. | ||
| 6V | The Table of Contents of Engineer of the Soul is duplicated. | ||
| 7R | Typed letter signed from Sister Rose Thering to Mrs. JXC, on letterhead of Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ. 1 p. Thanking her for an invitation to speak in memory of JXC which she has to decline. | February 28, 1977 | |
| 7V | Carbon[?] typescript, "copy of data on application for license Prof. Engr and Land Surveyor, NY State." 2 pp. in ink. Date in ink: December 30, 1922. | December 30, 1922 | |
| 8R | Typed letter signed from Rabbi David W. Gordon to Mrs. JXC, on letterhead of Fresh Meadows Jewish Center, Flushing, NJ. Thanking her for making plaque available to the New York Board of Rabbis. 1 p. Gordon was recipient of 1977 JXC "Chaplain of the Year Award." | February 16, 1978 | |
| 8V | Typed note signed from Rabbi Erwin Zimet to Mrs. JXC, on letterhead of Temple Beth-El. 1 p. Thanking her for his award as Chaplain of the Year (1978). | February 17, 1978 | |
| 9R | Typed letter signed from Rabbi Joseph H. Lookstein, New York, NY to Mrs. JXC, on letterhead of same. 1 p. Thanking her for making available to him the biography of JXC. | March 20, 1978 | |
| 9V | Typed letter signed from Abraham J. Peck to Mrs. JXC, on letterhead of the American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1 p. Thanking her for materials from JXC donated by her. | March 24, 1978 | |
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Item I: "Man, Power, and Super-Power", 1924. |
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Scope and Content:1. "Man, Power, and Super-Power" or Social Aspects of Hydro-Electric and Super-Power. By J.X. Cohen, B.S. C.E. Member; American Society of Civil Engineers, American Association Advancement of Science, American Public Health Association, etc. January 1924. Typescript/carbon stapled in a paper cover. 27 pp. Some handwritten corrections and additions. |
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Item M: Economic Destruction of German Jewry, 1937. |
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Scope and Content:1. "The Economic Destruction of German Jewry by the Nazi Regime 1933-1937." A Study by the Economic Bureau of the World Jewish Congress. Published by the American Jewish Congress, 221 West 57th St., New York City. November 1937. Printed pamphlet. [68] pp. Some damp staining. |
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Item P: Syracuse Sewage Treatment Works…, undated. |
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Scope and Content:1. "Syracuse Sewage Treatment Works Plain Sedimentation and Dilution with Sludge Sterilization," by J.X. Cohen. Typescript/carbon with handwritten corrections and additions. 10 pp. In paper binder. |
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